ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ

ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុជាទីក្រុង ធំបង្អស់នៅប៉ែកខាងត្បូងនៃប្រទេសកម្ពុជា។ នេះ ជាក្រុង ត្រូវបានបង្កើតថ្មី នៅឆ្នាំ ១៩៦៤។ បង្កើតក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ គឺដើម្បីរំលឹក ដល់ស្នាដៃរបស់ព្រះបាទ នរោត្តមសីហនុ។ ឈ្មោះដើម របស់ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ មុនឆ្នាំ១៩៦៤គឺ ក្រុងកំពង់សោម ។
ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ ជាទីក្រុងកំពងផែសមុទ្រ ធំបង្អស់ នៅឆ្នេរសមុទ្ររបស់ប្រទេសកម្ពុជា។ ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ ស្ថិតនៅពាក់កណ្តាល ចន្លោះថៃ និងប្រទេសវៀតណាម ហើយទីក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ ជាទីក្រុងសំខាន់ជាងគេ នៅឈូងសមុទ្រថៃ។ ក្រុងព្រះសីហ​នុ ជាកន្លែងដែលគួរអោយ ចាប់អារម្មណ៍ណាស់ សំរាប់ទេសចរជាតិ និងទេសចរអន្តរជាតិ ។ យោងតាមឯកសារ ក្រសួងទេសចរណ៍ នៃប្រទេសកម្ពុជា បានអោយដឹងថា ក្នុងឆ្នាំ២០០៦ មានចំនួនទេសចរអន្តរជាតិ ប្រមាណជាង ៣២០,០០០ នាក់ មកទស្សនា ក្រុង ព្រះសីហនុ។ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ ២០០៧ ព្រលានយន្តហោះ នៅក្រុង ព្រះសីហនុ ត្រូវបាន បើកសម្ពោធ ដើម្បីការហោះហើរជាសំខាន់ ក្រុងសៀមរាប-ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ ហើយតាមគំរោង នៃរាជរដ្ឋាភិបាល បានអោយដឹងថា ព្រលានយន្តហោះនៃក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ នឹងក្លាយជា ព្រលានយន្តហោះអន្តរជាតិ នៅឆ្នាំ២០១០។​​
អាកាសធាតុ
´´

តំបន់នៃទីក្រុងព្រះសិហនុនៅភូមិភាគខាងត្បូងនៃប្រទេសកម្ពុជា
ទីក្រុងព្រះសីហនុមានរដូវរងា ចាប់ពី វិច្ឆិកាដល់ខែកុម្ភះ និង មានរដូវលំមានប្រាំង ចាប់ ខែមិនា ដល់ខែឧសភា រដូវភ្លៀង មានចាប់ពី ខែមិថុនា ដល់ខែតុលា៕ ទីក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ គឺជាក្រុងដែលមានភ្លៀងធ្លាក់ច្រើនជាងគេ នៅប្រទេសកម្ពុជាយើង ពីព្រោះមាន ភ្នំបូគោ នៅខាងជើង។ ​នៅ​ថ្ងៃដែលក្តៅជាងនៅទីក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ មានកំដៅរហូតទៅដល់ ៣៥អង្សា ហើយបើត្រជាក់ជាងគេវិញមានរហូត ២០អង្សា ៕

ប្រវត្តិក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ


ទេសភាពនៅទីក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ
នៅឆ្នាំ១៩៥៥​ រដ្ឋាភិបាលបានចាប់ផ្តើម​ធ្វើកំពង់ផែ នៅចំកណ្តាលព្រៃជិតមាត់សមុទ្រ នៅកន្លែងមួយដែលបច្ចុប្បន្ននេះមានឈ្មោះថា ឆ្នេរហាវៃ ​ហើយធ្វើការសាងសង់រួច នៅឆ្នាំ ១៩៦០ ដោយមានជំនួយឧបត្ថមពីប្រទេសបារាំង ហើយនិងគេបានធ្វើផ្លូវពីក្រុង ភ្នំពេញ ដល់កំពង់ផែថ្មី ដោយមានជំនួយឧបត្ថបពី សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក ប្រជាជនដែល បានរស់នៅទីនោះគឺពួ​កគេធ្វើការនៅកំពង់ផែនោះ៕ ​ពេលកំពុងផែបានសាងសង់រូចហើយ គេបានហៅទីក្រុងនោះ ថា ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ សំរាប់ធ្វើជាការគោរពចំពោះបិតាជាតិ នៅឆ្នាំ​១៩៦៣ គេចាប់ផ្តើមធ្វើសណ្ឋាគារ ឯករាជ្យ ហើយមានមនុស្សជាច្រើបានមកដើរលេងកំសាន្តនៅទីនេះ ហើយនៅក្នុងឆ្នាំដដែល គែចាប់ផ្តើមធ្វើពង្រីកកំពង់ផែប៉ុន្តែ ពួកគេត្រូវតែឈប់នៅ ឆ្នាំ​១៩៧​០ ពីព្រោះ លុន ណុលបានដណ្តើមអំណាច​ហើយបានមកកាន់កាប់ប្រទេស កម្ពុជា៕ នៅឆ្នាំ ១៩៧០- ១៩៧៥ គេប្រើកំពង់ផែសំរាប់ដាក់អាវុធសំរាប់ធ្វើសង្រ្គៀម៕ នៅ ថ្ងៃទី​១៣ ខែឧសភា ឆ្នាំ ១៩៧៥ ខ្មែរក្រហម បានកាន់កាប់ ទីក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ ហើយនិងខ្មែរក្រហមបានចាប់យកកប៉ាលរបស់ សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក ដែលមានឈ្មោះ S.S Mayaguez ជាកម្មករដែលធ្វើការ នៅលើកប៉ាល់នោះ ហើយសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក​បាន ទម្លាក់គ្រាប់បែកដែលធ្វើអោយក្រុងព្រះសីហនុមានការខូចខាត់យ៉ាងខ្លាំង រហូតដល់ពួកខ្មែរក្រហមប្រគល់កប៉ាល់និងមនុស្សទៅអោយសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក វិញ​​៕ បន្ទាប់ពីសង្រ្គៀបានបញ្ជប់រួច នៅឆ្នាំ ១៩៨០ គេបានចាប់ផ្តើមសាងសង់ទីក្រុងសាជាថ្មី នៅឆ្នាំ ១៩៩៧ រដ្ឋាភិបាល បាន អោយកន្លែងសំរាប់អង្គការ ដុនបូស្កូកម្ពូជា សំរាប់ធ្វើសាលាបច្ចេកទេស នៅផ្លូវអូរប្រាំ សំរាប់យុជន ក្រីក្រនៅទីក្រុងនេះ និងមកពីខេត្តផ្សេងៗទៀតដែលនៅភាគខាងត្បូងនៃប្រទេស កម្ពុជា ៕ នៅថ្ងៃទី ១១ ខែ កុម្ភះ ឆ្នាំ​២០០៧ ព្រះបាទ នរោត្ត សីហមុនី បានយាងមកទីក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ ​​ ឯកឧត្តម ស្បោងសារ៉ាត បានទទួល ព្រះមហាក្សត្រនៃព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុ ជា ជាមួយនឹង​​ ព្រះសង្ឃនិមន្តមកពីគ្រប់វត្ត​និង ថ្នាក់អ្នកដឹកនាំគ្រប់ជាន់ថ្នាក់ នៅក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ និងលោកគ្រូ អ្នកគ្រូ សិស្សានុសិស្ស ហើយ និងសាលាបច្ចេកទេស ដុនបូស្កូ ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ៕
កូដខណ្ឌខណ្ឌឈ្មោះជាអក្សរឡាតាំង
១៨០១មិត្តភាពMittakpheap
១៨០២ព្រៃនប់Prey Nob
១៨០៣ស្ទឹងហាវStueng Hav
Economy The economy of Sihanoukville is based primarily in its port for import and exports to the national economy. It has also an oil container port and cargo facilities.
Other activities in the economy of the province include fishing, aquaculture, agriculture, mining, oil, factories (frozen shrimp processing, garment and Angkor Beer), real estate and tourism.[14]
In the last years the increasing of tourism has improved the construction of hotels and tourism infrastructures in the province. Foreign and national investment has been proven by the presence of new comers to the city.

[edit] Transport

Roads and streets:
  • NR4: Phnom Penh and Sihanoukville are connected by the National Road 4. The road has been built especially for the transport of merchandise between the capital and the port by heavy trucks and containers. It has three toll stations along. However, it is considered the most dangerous road of Cambodia due to several traffic accidents and little control by authorities.[15]
  • NR41: It connects Sihanoukville with Kompot province. The road joins the province at Prey Nob district to NR4. It is in a good condition, but poor in traffic signs. Cambodia has not control over cattle and it walks freely over the roads.
  • NR48: It connects Sihanoukville and Phnom Penh with Koh Kong Province, at the southwest of Cambodia. The road joins also the Thai-Cambodian border. It has two ferries: at Dang Peaeng and at Andoung Tuek.
Taxi motorbike drivers (Moto-dups) waiting customers at Veal Renh Market, Sihanoukville.
Streets in Sihanoukville downtown are in good condition. However, the traffic in the city does not follow rules and the enforcement of international norms is poor. Cambodia follows the right-hand traffic. There is an over abundance of motorbikes due to the lack of bus urban transportation and taxis. The city is considered unsafe for driving: drivers of motorbikes do not use helmets, use any lane of the street, most of them do not use mirrors and it is used to see motorbikes with more than two passengers or drive by children and underage persons.[16] In 2008 the government ordered the enforcement of the use of helmets wide the country, but the norm is not yet followed.[17] The fine for not wearing a helmet is USD$1.00 (4000KHR) for tourists or USD$0.75(3000KHR) for locals. However you can freely ride between the hours of 11:00 and 14:00 as the police are either asleep or at lunch. You can only get fined once a day for not wearing a helmet.
The city has not an urban system of transportation (buses and taxis). Therefore, there is an informal urban transportation in motor-taxis (moto-dups) and tuk-tuks. That urban system of transportation has any control from authorities and anybody can become a motor-taxi or tuk-tuk driver in Sihanoukville. As a consequence, there is not a control in the prices for services. Foreign visitors are recommended to concert prices before any of those services and ask first advances from tourist agencies and hotels in order to avoid abuses.[18]
The Kang Keng Airport is located 18 kilometres far from Sihanoukville downtown, along the NR4.
The bus station has different bus agencies giving service to Phnom Penh. There are some tourist agencies that organize trips to Ho Chi Minh City as well.

[edit] Demography

In 2008 there were 199,902 persons living in Sihanoukville province.[19]
The main ethnic group is the Khmer ethnic group. There are many other groups like Vietnamese, Chinese, Cham, Thai, French, British, Korean and Americans, especially because of its status as a port.

[edit] Culture

Yeay Mao, a guardian spirit is venerated especially in the Sihanoukville province
The Cambodian culture is predominantly Khmer. But the presence of several human groups in Sihanoukville makes that the province has a lot cultural manifestations.
The people of Sihanoukville celebrate the traditional feasts of Cambodia and other festivities like Cambodian New Year (April), Chinese New Year (between January and February), Water Festival in Prey Nob (November), Pchum Ben (honor to the ancestors in October) and Kathen Ceremony (offerings to the bonzis).
The ethnic and minority religious groups celebrate the Christmas Day (25 December) and Holy Week for the Catholics, the Ramadan for the Muslims, the Valentine Day and the International New Year (31 December).
The inhabitants of Sihanoukville dedicate especially to commerce, fishing, agriculture and industry. It is used that families visit the beaches and waterfalls at the weekends. Generally people from Sihanoukville are friendly and they are used to visitors from other Cambodian provinces and foreigners.

[edit] Administration

See also: Administrative divisions of Cambodia
USS Gary docked in Sihanoukville Port
For administrative purposes Sihanoukville is a municipality, holding the same status as a province. There is a provincial governor and three deputy governors. It is subdivided into 3 districts (Khan). The port has an autonomous administration.[20] The districts are divided in communes (22 communes in total).
ISO CodeDistrictRomanizationPopulationCommunesVillages
1801មិត្តភាពMittakpheap67,440519
1802ព្រៃនប់Prey Nob75,1421465
1803ស្ទឹងហាវStueng Hav13,108310

[edit] Port

The Sihanoukville Autonomous Port was finished in 1960 as the international sea port of Cambodia. It has an area 290 meters long per 28 meters wide. It has an exterior berth 8.50 to 13 meters depth and 7.50 to 8.50 meters depth in the interior. Four medium vessels can be at the port.[20]
The port is located 18 kilometers/11 miles from the Kang Keng Airport and 4 kilometers/2 miles from Sihanoukville downtown. Ships passengers are allowed to visit downtown. The terminal itself has not shopping center, banking or tourist offices, but only toilets.[21]
It is allegedly the place where two of the three allegedly captured US marines from the Mayagüez incident on Koh Tang island were held before they were executed.[22]

[edit] Religion

A common altar to the ancestors.
Statue of Mary at Saint Francis de Sales Chapel

As 2004, there were 27 pagodas in the province with a population of 1,918 bonzis.[23] Pagodas are important for the Cambodian culture as a center of villages and cities. In the port there are two important ones:
  • Upper Pagoda: It is also known as "Wat Chotynieng", or "Wat Lue". Located in a hill that overlooks Sihanoukville town is dedicated to Prince Chourn Nath, Cambodian Buddhist leader.
  • Down Pagoda: It is also known as "Wat Krom". Located in Sihanoukville downtown. It is dedicated to Yeay Mao, a southern Cambodia divinity.
  • Riem Pagoda: It is located in the Riem commune, near the airport.
Sihanoukville has other important religious groups like Catholics, Muslims (Cham), Protestants and Animists. Other important places of worship:
  • St. Michael's Church: It belongs to the Catholic communities. There is a celebration for faithful visitors to the port in English every Sunday evening. The church was built in 1960 by sailors and it is located in the same hill of Upper Pagoda, facing the port.
  • Iber Bikhalifah Mosque: It belongs to the Muslim communities. It is located in downtown, just in the popular Leu Market.

[edit] Education

Ribbion cutting ceremony of the engineering civil action project
Cambodians doing an exam in order to apply for the Don Bosco Technical School of Sihanoukville in 2008.
The city has not yet a big cover in education, but it is improving in the last decade. The 2004 statistics[23] show the following centers of education: 33 pre-schools with 1,670 children, 52 primary schools with 34,863 students, 5 colleges with 4,794 students; 2 high schools with 1,449 students; 10 vocational training with 961 students and 13,728 private schools.
Some superior institutes have been opened in Sihanoukville: Life University, University of Management and Economics, Built Bright University, Khmer Technology and Management, Don Bosco Technical School and Don Bosco Hotel School.
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